HTTP Client Libraries: Axios vs Node-fetch Comparison

Both axios and node-fetch are popular tools for making HTTP requests (like getting data from APIs) in JavaScript. Axios is a full-featured library that works in both browsers and Node.js, with lots of helpful built-in features. Node-fetch is a simpler alternative that brings the browser's fetch API to Node.js, making it familiar for developers who already know fetch.

HTTP Client Librariesapihttprequestsnetworkingdata-fetching

Detailed Comparison

Technical Analysis

featureComparison

Both packages provide HTTP request functionality, but axios has more features like JSON data transformation, request cancellation, and better error handling. Node-fetch is a lightweight implementation of the WHATWG Fetch Standard.

typescriptSupport

Both packages have TypeScript definitions, but axios has better support for TypeScript.

browserCompatibility

Both packages are compatible with modern browsers, but axios has better support for older browsers.

dependencies

Axios has no dependencies, while node-fetch depends on the 'encoding' package.

performance

Axios is generally faster than node-fetch due to its caching mechanism and better handling of concurrent requests.

Ecosystem Analysis

frameworkCompatibility

Both packages are compatible with popular frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js.

communityActivity

Axios has a more active community with more contributors and issues resolved.

documentationQuality

Axios has better documentation with more examples and a more comprehensive API reference.

maintenanceStatus

Axios is maintained more frequently with more recent updates.

Performance Comparison

bundleSizeAnalysis

Node-fetch has a smaller bundle size, but axios's bundle size is still relatively small.

runtimePerformance

Axios is generally faster than node-fetch due to its caching mechanism and better handling of concurrent requests.

loadingTime

Axios has a slightly faster loading time than node-fetch.

memoryUsage

Both packages have similar memory usage.

Code Examples

Simple GET Request with Axios

1import axios from 'axios';
2axios.get('https://api.example.com/data').then(response => {
3  console.log(response.data);
4});

This code sends a GET request to the specified API endpoint and logs the response data to the console.

Simple GET Request with Node-Fetch

1import fetch from 'node-fetch';
2fetch('https://api.example.com/data').then(response => response.json()).then(data => {
3  console.log(data);
4});

This code sends a GET request to the specified API endpoint and logs the response data to the console.

Recommendation

Summary

Axios is a more popular and feature-rich package, but node-fetch is a lightweight alternative with a smaller bundle size.

Details

Axios has better error handling and request cancellation
Node-fetch is a more lightweight implementation of the WHATWG Fetch Standard

Similar Packages

got

90%

A simpler and more user-friendly HTTP request library. It's designed to be a better replacement for the Node.js built-in fetch and has great error handling.

Got is perfect for developers who want something simpler than axios but more powerful than fetch. It has a clean API, better error messages, and supports things like retries and timeouts out of the box.

HTTP Client

superagent

85%

A feature-rich HTTP client that's been around for a long time. It has a chainable API that makes writing requests feel natural and readable.

Superagent is a solid choice if you want something that's well-tested and has been in use for many years. It's especially good if you like writing your HTTP requests in a chain-like style.

HTTP Client

ky

80%

A tiny and elegant HTTP client based on the browser's fetch API. It's super lightweight but adds helpful features that fetch doesn't have built-in.

Ky is great if you want something very close to fetch but with extra helpful features. It's smaller than axios but more powerful than plain fetch, making it perfect for smaller projects.

HTTP Client

undici

75%

A modern and fast HTTP client that's actually used inside Node.js itself. It's super fast and follows web standards closely.

Undici is perfect for developers who care about speed and modern features. It's newer than axios but is becoming very popular because it's both fast and follows web standards strictly.

HTTP Client

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<div align="center"> <a href="https://axios-http.com"><img src="https://axios-http.com/assets/logo.svg" /></a> </div> Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js <a href="https://axios-http.com/">Website</a> • <a href="https://axios-http.com/docs/intro">Documentation</a> <div align="center">

</div>

Features
Browser Support
Installing
- Package manager
- CDN
Example
Axios API
Request method aliases
Concurrency 👎
Creating an instance
Instance methods
Request Config
Response Schema
Config Defaults
- Global axios defaults
- Custom instance defaults
- Config order of precedence
Interceptors
- Multiple Interceptors
Handling Errors
Cancellation
- AbortController
- CancelToken 👎
Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format
- URLSearchParams
- Query string
- 🆕 Automatic serialization
Using multipart/form-data format
- FormData
- 🆕 Automatic serialization
Files Posting
HTML Form Posting
🆕 Progress capturing
🆕 Rate limiting
🆕 AxiosHeaders
🔥 Fetch adapter
Semver
Promises
TypeScript
Resources
Credits
License

Features

Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
Make http requests from node.js
Supports the Promise API
Intercept request and response
Transform request and response data
Cancel requests
Automatic transforms for JSON data
🆕 Automatic data object serialization to multipart/form-data and x-www-form-urlencoded body encodings
Client side support for protecting against XSRF

Browser Support

Chrome | Firefox | Safari | Opera | Edge | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |

Installing

Package manager

Using npm:

$ npm install axios

Using bower:

$ bower install axios

Using yarn:

$ yarn add axios

Using pnpm:

$ pnpm add axios

Using bun:

$ bun add axios

Once the package is installed, you can import the library using import or require approach:

import axios, {isCancel, AxiosError} from 'axios';

You can also use the default export, since the named export is just a re-export from the Axios factory:

import axios from 'axios';

console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));

If you use require for importing, only default export is available:

const axios = require('axios');

console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));

For some bundlers and some ES6 linters you may need to do the following:

import { default as axios } from 'axios';

For cases where something went wrong when trying to import a module into a custom or legacy environment, you can try importing the module package directly:

const axios = require('axios/dist/browser/axios.cjs'); // browser commonJS bundle (ES2017)
// const axios = require('axios/dist/node/axios.cjs'); // node commonJS bundle (ES2017)

CDN

Using jsDelivr CDN (ES5 UMD browser module):

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Using unpkg CDN:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Example

Note: CommonJS usage
In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with require(), use the following approach:

import axios from 'axios';
//const axios = require('axios'); // legacy way

// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    // handle success
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    // handle error
    console.log(error);
  })
  .finally(function () {
    // always executed
  });

// Optionally the request above could also be done as
axios.get('/user', {
    params: {
      ID: 12345
    }
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  })
  .finally(function () {
    // always executed
  });

// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
async function getUser() {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
    console.log(response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
}

Note: async/await is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.

Performing a POST request

axios.post('/user', {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

Performing multiple concurrent requests

function getUserAccount() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
  .then(function (results) {
    const acct = results[0];
    const perm = results[1];
  });

axios API

Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to axios.

axios(config)

// Send a POST request
axios({
  method: 'post',
  url: '/user/12345',
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  }
});

// GET request for remote image in node.js
axios({
  method: 'get',
  url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
  responseType: 'stream'
})
  .then(function (response) {
    response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
  });

axios(url[, config])

// Send a GET request (default method)
axios('/user/12345');

Request method aliases

For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.

axios.request(config)

axios.get(url[, config])

axios.delete(url[, config])

axios.head(url[, config])

axios.options(url[, config])

axios.post(url[, data[, config]])

axios.put(url[, data[, config]])

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

NOTE

When using the alias methods url, method, and data properties don't need to be specified in config.

Concurrency (Deprecated)

Please use Promise.all to replace the below functions.

Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.

axios.all(iterable) axios.spread(callback)

Creating an instance

You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.

axios.create([config])

const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
  timeout: 1000,
  headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

Instance methods

The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.

axios#request(config)

axios#get(url[, config])

axios#delete(url[, config])

axios#head(url[, config])

axios#options(url[, config])

axios#post(url[, data[, config]])

axios#put(url[, data[, config]])

axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])

axios#getUri([config])

Request Config

These are the available config options for making requests. Only the url is required. Requests will default to GET if method is not specified.

{
  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
  url: '/user',

  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
  method: 'get', // default

  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute and option `allowAbsoluteUrls` is set to true.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

  // `allowAbsoluteUrls` determines whether or not absolute URLs will override a configured `baseUrl`.
  // When set to true (default), absolute values for `url` will override `baseUrl`.
  // When set to false, absolute values for `url` will always be prepended by `baseUrl`.
  allowAbsoluteUrls: true,

  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },
  
  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional config that allows you to customize serializing `params`. 
  paramsSerializer: {

    // Custom encoder function which sends key/value pairs in an iterative fashion.
    encode?: (param: string): string => { /* Do custom operations here and return transformed string */ }, 
    
    // Custom serializer function for the entire parameter. Allows user to mimic pre 1.x behaviour.
    serialize?: (params: Record<string, any>, options?: ParamsSerializerOptions ), 
    
    // Configuration for formatting array indexes in the params. 
    indexes: false // Three available options: (1) indexes: null (leads to no brackets), (2) (default) indexes: false (leads to empty brackets), (3) indexes: true (leads to brackets with indexes).    
  },

  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer, FormData (form-data package)
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred'
  },

  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
  // method post
  // only the value is sent, not the key
  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',

  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)

  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default

  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md)
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },
  // Also, you can set the name of the built-in adapter, or provide an array with their names
  // to choose the first available in the environment
  adapter: 'xhr', // 'fetch' | 'http' | ['xhr', 'http', 'fetch']

  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
  auth: {
    username: 'janedoe',
    password: 's00pers3cret'
  },

  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
  //   browser only: 'blob'
  responseType: 'json', // default

  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
  // options are: 'ascii', 'ASCII', 'ansi', 'ANSI', 'binary', 'BINARY', 'base64', 'BASE64', 'base64url',
  // 'BASE64URL', 'hex', 'HEX', 'latin1', 'LATIN1', 'ucs-2', 'UCS-2', 'ucs2', 'UCS2', 'utf-8', 'UTF-8',
  // 'utf8', 'UTF8', 'utf16le', 'UTF16LE'
  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default

  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
    
  // `undefined` (default) - set XSRF header only for the same origin requests
  withXSRFToken: boolean | undefined | ((config: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => boolean | undefined),

  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  // browser & node.js
  onUploadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, upload = true}) {
    // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
  },

  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  // browser & node.js
  onDownloadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, download = true}) {
    // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
  },

  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
  maxContentLength: 2000,

  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
  maxBodyLength: 2000,

  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },

  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 21, // default

  // `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
  // Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
  // to inspect the latest response headers,
  // or to cancel the request by throwing an error
  // If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
  beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
    if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
      options.auth = "user:password";
    }
  },

  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default
  
  // `transport` determines the transport method that will be used to make the request.
  // If defined, it will be used. Otherwise, if `maxRedirects` is 0,
  // the default `http` or `https` library will be used, depending on the protocol specified in `protocol`.
  // Otherwise, the `httpFollow` or `httpsFollow` library will be used, again depending on the protocol,
  // which can handle redirects.
  transport: undefined, // default

  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default before Node.js v19.0.0. After Node.js
  // v19.0.0, you no longer need to customize the agent to enable `keepAlive` because
  // `http.globalAgent` has `keepAlive` enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

  // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
  proxy: {
    protocol: 'https',
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    // hostname: '127.0.0.1' // Takes precedence over 'host' if both are defined
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: 'mikeymike',
      password: 'rapunz3l'
    }
  },

  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  }),

  // an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
  signal: new AbortController().signal,

  // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
  // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
  // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
  // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
  decompress: true, // default

  // `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
  // Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
  // This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
  // Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
  // see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
  // see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
  insecureHTTPParser: undefined, // default

  // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
  transitional: {
    // silent JSON parsing mode
    // `true`  - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
    // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
    silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version

    // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
    forcedJSONParsing: true,

    // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
    clarifyTimeoutError: false,
  },

  env: {
    // The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
    FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
  },

  formSerializer: {
      visitor: (value, key, path, helpers) => {}; // custom visitor function to serialize form values
      dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
      metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key
      indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
  },

  // http adapter only (node.js)
  maxRate: [
    100 * 1024, // 100KB/s upload limit,
    100 * 1024  // 100KB/s download limit
  ]
}

Response Schema

The response for a request contains the following information.

{
  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
  data: {},

  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
  status: 200,

  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
  statusText: 'OK',

  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
  // All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
  headers: {},

  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
  config: {},

  // `request` is the request that generated this response
  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
  request: {}
}

When using then, you will receive the response as follows:

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    console.log(response.status);
    console.log(response.statusText);
    console.log(response.headers);
    console.log(response.config);
  });

When using catch, or passing a rejection callback as second parameter of then, the response will be available through the error object as explained in the Handling Errors section.

Config Defaults

You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.

Global axios defaults

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';

// Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
// See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

Custom instance defaults

// Set config defaults when creating the instance
const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
});

// Alter defaults after instance has been created
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

Config order of precedence

Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in lib/defaults/index.js, then defaults property of the instance, and finally config argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.

// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
const instance = axios.create();

// Override timeout default for the library
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;

// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
instance.get('/longRequest', {
  timeout: 5000
});

Interceptors

You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by then or catch.


const instance = axios.create();

// Add a request interceptor
instance.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
    // Do something before request is sent
    return config;
  }, function (error) {
    // Do something with request error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

// Add a response interceptor
instance.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
    // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response data
    return response;
  }, function (error) {
    // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.

const instance = axios.create();
const myInterceptor = instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses

You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});

When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution.

axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
  return config;
}, null, { synchronous: true });

If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check, you can add a runWhen function to the options object. The request interceptor will not be executed if and only if the return of runWhen is false. The function will be called with the config object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times.

function onGetCall(config) {
  return config.method === 'get';
}
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
  return config;
}, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });

Note: options parameter(having synchronous and runWhen properties) is only supported for request interceptors at the moment.

Multiple Interceptors

Given you add multiple response interceptors and when the response was fulfilled

then each interceptor is executed
then they are executed in the order they were added
then only the last interceptor's result is returned
then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
- then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
- then the following rejection-interceptor is called
- once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).

Read the interceptor tests for seeing all this in code.

Error Types

There are many different axios error messages that can appear that can provide basic information about the specifics of the error and where opportunities may lie in debugging.

The general structure of axios errors is as follows: | Property | Definition | | -------- | ---------- | | message | A quick summary of the error message and the status it failed with. | | name | This defines where the error originated from. For axios, it will always be an 'AxiosError'. | | stack | Provides the stack trace of the error. | | config | An axios config object with specific instance configurations defined by the user from when the request was made | | code | Represents an axios identified error. The table below lists out specific definitions for internal axios error. | | status | HTTP response status code. See here for common HTTP response status code meanings.

Below is a list of potential axios identified error:

| Code | Definition | | --- | --- | | ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE | Invalid value provided in axios configuration. | | ERR_BAD_OPTION | Invalid option provided in axios configuration. | | ERR_NOT_SUPPORT | Feature or method not supported in the current axios environment. | | ERR_DEPRECATED | Deprecated feature or method used in axios. | | ERR_INVALID_URL | Invalid URL provided for axios request. | | ECONNABORTED | Typically indicates that the request has been timed out (unless transitional.clarifyTimeoutError is set) or aborted by the browser or its plugin. | | ERR_CANCELED | Feature or method is canceled explicitly by the user using an AbortSignal (or a CancelToken). | | ETIMEDOUT | Request timed out due to exceeding default axios timelimit. transitional.clarifyTimeoutError must be set to true, otherwise a generic ECONNABORTED error will be thrown instead. | | ERR_NETWORK | Network-related issue. In the browser, this error can also be caused by a CORS or Mixed Content policy violation. The browser does not allow the JS code to clarify the real reason for the error caused by security issues, so please check the console. | | ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS | Request is redirected too many times; exceeds max redirects specified in axios configuration. | | ERR_BAD_RESPONSE | Response cannot be parsed properly or is in an unexpected format. Usually related to a response with 5xx status code. | | ERR_BAD_REQUEST | The request has an unexpected format or is missing required parameters. Usually related to a response with 4xx status code. |

Handling Errors

the default behavior is to reject every response that returns with a status code that falls out of the range of 2xx and treat it as an error.

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    if (error.response) {
      // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
      // that falls out of the range of 2xx
      console.log(error.response.data);
      console.log(error.response.status);
      console.log(error.response.headers);
    } else if (error.request) {
      // The request was made but no response was received
      // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
      // http.ClientRequest in node.js
      console.log(error.request);
    } else {
      // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
      console.log('Error', error.message);
    }
    console.log(error.config);
  });

Using the validateStatus config option, you can override the default condition (status >= 200 && status < 300) and define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
  }
})

Using toJSON you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error.toJSON());
  });

Cancellation

AbortController

Starting from v0.22.0 Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:

const controller = new AbortController();

axios.get('/foo/bar', {
   signal: controller.signal
}).then(function(response) {
   //...
});
// cancel the request
controller.abort()

CancelToken `👎deprecated`

You can also cancel a request using a CancelToken.

The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn cancellable promises proposal.

This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects

You can create a cancel token using the CancelToken.source factory as shown below:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
const source = CancelToken.source();

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: source.token
}).catch(function (thrown) {
  if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
    console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
  } else {
    // handle error
  }
});

axios.post('/user/12345', {
  name: 'new name'
}, {
  cancelToken: source.token
})

// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');

You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the CancelToken constructor:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
let cancel;

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
    // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
    cancel = c;
  })
});

// cancel the request
cancel();

Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller. If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.

During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:

Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format

URLSearchParams

By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to JSON. To send data in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format instead, you can use the URLSearchParams API, which is supported in the vast majority of browsers,and Node starting with v10 (released in 2018).

const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
params.append('extraparam', 'value');
axios.post('/foo', params);

Query string (Older browsers)

For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a polyfill available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).

Alternatively, you can encode data using the qs library:

const qs = require('qs');
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));

Or in another way (ES6),

import qs from 'qs';
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
const options = {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
  data: qs.stringify(data),
  url,
};
axios(options);

Older Node.js versions

For older Node.js engines, you can use the querystring module as follows:

const querystring = require('querystring');
axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));

You can also use the qs library.

Note: The qs library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the querystring method has known issues with that use case.

🆕 Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams

Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

const data = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
};

await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
  {headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
);

The server will handle it as:

  {
    x: '1',
    'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'arr2[0]': '1',
    'arr2[1][0]': '2',
    'arr2[2]': '3',
    'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
    'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
    'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
    'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
  }

If your backend body-parser (like body-parser of express.js) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically

  var app = express();

  app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies

  app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
     // echo body as JSON
     res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
  });

  server = app.listen(3000);

Using `multipart/form-data` format

FormData

To send the data as a multipart/formdata you need to pass a formData instance as a payload. Setting the Content-Type header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.

const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('foo', 'bar');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);

In node.js, you can use the form-data library as follows:

const FormData = require('form-data');

const form = new FormData();
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));

axios.post('https://example.com', form)

🆕 Automatic serialization to FormData

Starting from v0.27.0, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request Content-Type header is set to multipart/form-data.

The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):

import axios from 'axios';

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));

In the node.js build, the (form-data) polyfill is used by default.

You can overload the FormData class by setting the env.FormData config variable, but you probably won't need it in most cases:

const axios = require('axios');
var FormData = require('form-data');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));

Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:

{} - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
[] - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key

Note: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects

FormData serializer supports additional options via config.formSerializer: object property to handle rare cases:

visitor: Function - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object to a FormData object by following custom rules.
dots: boolean = false - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;
metaTokens: boolean = true - add the special ending (e.g user{}: '{"name": "John"}') in the FormData key. The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.
indexes: null|false|true = false - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of flat array-like objects.
- null - don't add brackets (arr: 1, arr: 2, arr: 3)
- false(default) - add empty brackets (arr[]: 1, arr[]: 2, arr[]: 3)
- true - add brackets with indexes (arr[0]: 1, arr[1]: 2, arr[2]: 3)

Let's say we have an object like this one:

const obj = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
  'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
};

The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:

const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('x', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '2');
formData.append('arr[]', '3');
formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');

Axios supports the following shortcut methods: postForm, putForm, patchForm which are just the corresponding http methods with the Content-Type header preset to multipart/form-data.

Files Posting

You can easily submit a single file:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'myVar' : 'foo',
  'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0]
});

or multiple files as multipart/form-data:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files
});

FileList object can be passed directly:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)

All files will be sent with the same field names: files[].

🆕 HTML Form Posting (browser)

Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as multipart/form-data content.

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));

FormData and HTMLForm objects can also be posted as JSON by explicitly setting the Content-Type header to application/json:

await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  }
})

For example, the Form

<form id="form">
  <input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
  <input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
  <input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="5">

  <select name="user.age">
    <option value="value1">Value 1</option>
    <option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
    <option value="value3">Value 3</option>
  </select>

  <input type="submit" value="Save">
</form>

will be submitted as the following JSON object:

{
  "foo": "1",
  "deep": {
    "prop": {
      "spaced": "3"
    }
  },
  "baz": [
    "4",
    "5"
  ],
  "user": {
    "age": "value2"
  }
}

Sending Blobs/Files as JSON (base64) is not currently supported.

🆕 Progress capturing

Axios supports both browser and node environments to capture request upload/download progress. The frequency of progress events is forced to be limited to 3 times per second.

await axios.post(url, data, {
  onUploadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
    /*{
      loaded: number;
      total?: number;
      progress?: number; // in range [0..1]
      bytes: number; // how many bytes have been transferred since the last trigger (delta)
      estimated?: number; // estimated time in seconds
      rate?: number; // upload speed in bytes
      upload: true; // upload sign
    }*/
  },

  onDownloadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
    /*{
      loaded: number;
      total?: number;
      progress?: number;
      bytes: number; 
      estimated?: number;
      rate?: number; // download speed in bytes
      download: true; // download sign
    }*/
  }
});

You can also track stream upload/download progress in node.js:

const {data} = await axios.post(SERVER_URL, readableStream, {
   onUploadProgress: ({progress}) => {
     console.log((progress * 100).toFixed(2));
   },
  
   headers: {
    'Content-Length': contentLength
   },

   maxRedirects: 0 // avoid buffering the entire stream
});

Note: Capturing FormData upload progress is not currently supported in node.js environments.

⚠️ Warning It is recommended to disable redirects by setting maxRedirects: 0 to upload the stream in the node.js environment, as follow-redirects package will buffer the entire stream in RAM without following the "backpressure" algorithm.

🆕 Rate limiting

Download and upload rate limits can only be set for the http adapter (node.js):

const {data} = await axios.post(LOCAL_SERVER_URL, myBuffer, {
  onUploadProgress: ({progress, rate}) => {
    console.log(`Upload [${(progress*100).toFixed(2)}%]: ${(rate / 1024).toFixed(2)}KB/s`)
  },
   
  maxRate: [100 * 1024], // 100KB/s limit
});

🆕 AxiosHeaders

Axios has its own AxiosHeaders class to manipulate headers using a Map-like API that guarantees caseless work. Although HTTP is case-insensitive in headers, Axios will retain the case of the original header for stylistic reasons and for a workaround when servers mistakenly consider the header's case. The old approach of directly manipulating headers object is still available, but deprecated and not recommended for future usage.

Working with headers

An AxiosHeaders object instance can contain different types of internal values. that control setting and merging logic. The final headers object with string values is obtained by Axios by calling the toJSON method.

Note: By JSON here we mean an object consisting only of string values intended to be sent over the network.

The header value can be one of the following types:

string - normal string value that will be sent to the server
null - skip header when rendering to JSON
false - skip header when rendering to JSON, additionally indicates that set method must be called with rewrite option set to true to overwrite this value (Axios uses this internally to allow users to opt out of installing certain headers like User-Agent or Content-Type)
undefined - value is not set

Note: The header value is considered set if it is not equal to undefined.

The headers object is always initialized inside interceptors and transformers:

  axios.interceptors.request.use((request: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => {
      request.headers.set('My-header', 'value');

      request.headers.set({
        "My-set-header1": "my-set-value1",
        "My-set-header2": "my-set-value2"
      });
      
      request.headers.set('User-Agent', false); // disable subsequent setting the header by Axios

      request.headers.setContentType('text/plain');
    
      request.headers['My-set-header2'] = 'newValue' // direct access is deprecated
    
      return request;
    }
  );

You can iterate over an AxiosHeaders instance using a for...of statement:

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  foo: '1',
  bar: '2',
  baz: '3'
});

for(const [header, value] of headers) {
  console.log(header, value);
}

// foo 1
// bar 2
// baz 3

new AxiosHeaders(headers?)

Constructs a new AxiosHeaders instance.

constructor(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string);

If the headers object is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders(`
Host: www.bing.com
User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
Accept: */*`);

console.log(headers);

// Object [AxiosHeaders] {
//   host: 'www.bing.com',
//   'user-agent': 'curl/7.54.0',
//   accept: '*/*'
// }

AxiosHeaders#set

set(headerName, value: Axios, rewrite?: boolean);
set(headerName, value, rewrite?: (this: AxiosHeaders, value: string, name: string, headers: RawAxiosHeaders) => boolean);
set(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string, rewrite?: boolean);

The rewrite argument controls the overwriting behavior:

false - do not overwrite if header's value is set (is not undefined)
undefined (default) - overwrite the header unless its value is set to false
true - rewrite anyway

The option can also accept a user-defined function that determines whether the value should be overwritten or not.

Returns this.

AxiosHeaders#get(header)

  get(headerName: string, matcher?: true | AxiosHeaderMatcher): AxiosHeaderValue;
  get(headerName: string, parser: RegExp): RegExpExecArray | null;

Returns the internal value of the header. It can take an extra argument to parse the header's value with RegExp.exec, matcher function or internal key-value parser.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h'
});

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type')); 
// multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', true)); // parse key-value pairs from a string separated with \s,;= delimiters:
// [Object: null prototype] {
//   'multipart/form-data': undefined,
//    boundary: 'Asrf456BGe4h'
// }


console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', (value, name, headers) => {
  return String(value).replace(/a/g, 'ZZZ');
}));
// multipZZZrt/form-dZZZtZZZ; boundZZZry=Asrf456BGe4h

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', /boundary=(\w+)/)?.[0]);
// boundary=Asrf456BGe4h

Returns the value of the header.

AxiosHeaders#has(header, matcher?)

has(header: string, matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Returns true if the header is set (has no undefined value).

AxiosHeaders#delete(header, matcher?)

delete(header: string | string[], matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Returns true if at least one header has been removed.

AxiosHeaders#clear(matcher?)

clear(matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Removes all headers. Unlike the delete method matcher, this optional matcher will be used to match against the header name rather than the value.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  'foo': '1',
  'x-foo': '2',
  'x-bar': '3',
});

console.log(headers.clear(/^x-/)); // true

console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1' }

Returns true if at least one header has been cleared.

AxiosHeaders#normalize(format);

If the headers object was changed directly, it can have duplicates with the same name but in different cases. This method normalizes the headers object by combining duplicate keys into one. Axios uses this method internally after calling each interceptor. Set format to true for converting headers name to lowercase and capitalize th

</div>

Features
Browser Support
Installing
- Package manager
- CDN
Example
Axios API
Request method aliases
Concurrency 👎
Creating an instance
Instance methods
Request Config
Response Schema
Config Defaults
- Global axios defaults
- Custom instance defaults
- Config order of precedence
Interceptors
- Multiple Interceptors
Handling Errors
Cancellation
- AbortController
- CancelToken 👎
Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format
- URLSearchParams
- Query string
- 🆕 Automatic serialization
Using multipart/form-data format
- FormData
- 🆕 Automatic serialization
Files Posting
HTML Form Posting
🆕 Progress capturing
🆕 Rate limiting
🆕 AxiosHeaders
🔥 Fetch adapter
Semver
Promises
TypeScript
Resources
Credits
License

Features

Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
Make http requests from node.js
Supports the Promise API
Intercept request and response
Transform request and response data
Cancel requests
Automatic transforms for JSON data
🆕 Automatic data object serialization to multipart/form-data and x-www-form-urlencoded body encodings
Client side support for protecting against XSRF

Browser Support

Chrome | Firefox | Safari | Opera | Edge | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |

Installing

Package manager

Using npm:

$ npm install axios

Using bower:

$ bower install axios

Using yarn:

$ yarn add axios

Using pnpm:

$ pnpm add axios

Using bun:

$ bun add axios

Once the package is installed, you can import the library using import or require approach:

import axios, {isCancel, AxiosError} from 'axios';

You can also use the default export, since the named export is just a re-export from the Axios factory:

import axios from 'axios';

console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));

If you use require for importing, only default export is available:

const axios = require('axios');

console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));

For some bundlers and some ES6 linters you may need to do the following:

import { default as axios } from 'axios';

For cases where something went wrong when trying to import a module into a custom or legacy environment, you can try importing the module package directly:

const axios = require('axios/dist/browser/axios.cjs'); // browser commonJS bundle (ES2017)
// const axios = require('axios/dist/node/axios.cjs'); // node commonJS bundle (ES2017)

CDN

Using jsDelivr CDN (ES5 UMD browser module):

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Using unpkg CDN:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Example

Note: CommonJS usage
In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with require(), use the following approach:

import axios from 'axios';
//const axios = require('axios'); // legacy way

// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    // handle success
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    // handle error
    console.log(error);
  })
  .finally(function () {
    // always executed
  });

// Optionally the request above could also be done as
axios.get('/user', {
    params: {
      ID: 12345
    }
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  })
  .finally(function () {
    // always executed
  });

// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
async function getUser() {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
    console.log(response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
}

Note: async/await is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.

Performing a POST request

axios.post('/user', {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

Performing multiple concurrent requests

function getUserAccount() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
  .then(function (results) {
    const acct = results[0];
    const perm = results[1];
  });

axios API

Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to axios.

axios(config)

// Send a POST request
axios({
  method: 'post',
  url: '/user/12345',
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  }
});

// GET request for remote image in node.js
axios({
  method: 'get',
  url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
  responseType: 'stream'
})
  .then(function (response) {
    response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
  });

axios(url[, config])

// Send a GET request (default method)
axios('/user/12345');

Request method aliases

For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.

axios.request(config)

axios.get(url[, config])

axios.delete(url[, config])

axios.head(url[, config])

axios.options(url[, config])

axios.post(url[, data[, config]])

axios.put(url[, data[, config]])

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

NOTE

When using the alias methods url, method, and data properties don't need to be specified in config.

Concurrency (Deprecated)

Please use Promise.all to replace the below functions.

Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.

axios.all(iterable) axios.spread(callback)

Creating an instance

You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.

axios.create([config])

const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
  timeout: 1000,
  headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

Instance methods

The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.

axios#request(config)

axios#get(url[, config])

axios#delete(url[, config])

axios#head(url[, config])

axios#options(url[, config])

axios#post(url[, data[, config]])

axios#put(url[, data[, config]])

axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])

axios#getUri([config])

Request Config

These are the available config options for making requests. Only the url is required. Requests will default to GET if method is not specified.

{
  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
  url: '/user',

  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
  method: 'get', // default

  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute and option `allowAbsoluteUrls` is set to true.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

  // `allowAbsoluteUrls` determines whether or not absolute URLs will override a configured `baseUrl`.
  // When set to true (default), absolute values for `url` will override `baseUrl`.
  // When set to false, absolute values for `url` will always be prepended by `baseUrl`.
  allowAbsoluteUrls: true,

  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },
  
  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional config that allows you to customize serializing `params`. 
  paramsSerializer: {

    // Custom encoder function which sends key/value pairs in an iterative fashion.
    encode?: (param: string): string => { /* Do custom operations here and return transformed string */ }, 
    
    // Custom serializer function for the entire parameter. Allows user to mimic pre 1.x behaviour.
    serialize?: (params: Record<string, any>, options?: ParamsSerializerOptions ), 
    
    // Configuration for formatting array indexes in the params. 
    indexes: false // Three available options: (1) indexes: null (leads to no brackets), (2) (default) indexes: false (leads to empty brackets), (3) indexes: true (leads to brackets with indexes).    
  },

  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer, FormData (form-data package)
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred'
  },

  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
  // method post
  // only the value is sent, not the key
  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',

  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)

  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default

  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md)
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },
  // Also, you can set the name of the built-in adapter, or provide an array with their names
  // to choose the first available in the environment
  adapter: 'xhr', // 'fetch' | 'http' | ['xhr', 'http', 'fetch']

  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
  auth: {
    username: 'janedoe',
    password: 's00pers3cret'
  },

  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
  //   browser only: 'blob'
  responseType: 'json', // default

  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
  // options are: 'ascii', 'ASCII', 'ansi', 'ANSI', 'binary', 'BINARY', 'base64', 'BASE64', 'base64url',
  // 'BASE64URL', 'hex', 'HEX', 'latin1', 'LATIN1', 'ucs-2', 'UCS-2', 'ucs2', 'UCS2', 'utf-8', 'UTF-8',
  // 'utf8', 'UTF8', 'utf16le', 'UTF16LE'
  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default

  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
    
  // `undefined` (default) - set XSRF header only for the same origin requests
  withXSRFToken: boolean | undefined | ((config: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => boolean | undefined),

  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  // browser & node.js
  onUploadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, upload = true}) {
    // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
  },

  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  // browser & node.js
  onDownloadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, download = true}) {
    // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
  },

  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
  maxContentLength: 2000,

  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
  maxBodyLength: 2000,

  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },

  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 21, // default

  // `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
  // Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
  // to inspect the latest response headers,
  // or to cancel the request by throwing an error
  // If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
  beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
    if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
      options.auth = "user:password";
    }
  },

  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default
  
  // `transport` determines the transport method that will be used to make the request.
  // If defined, it will be used. Otherwise, if `maxRedirects` is 0,
  // the default `http` or `https` library will be used, depending on the protocol specified in `protocol`.
  // Otherwise, the `httpFollow` or `httpsFollow` library will be used, again depending on the protocol,
  // which can handle redirects.
  transport: undefined, // default

  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default before Node.js v19.0.0. After Node.js
  // v19.0.0, you no longer need to customize the agent to enable `keepAlive` because
  // `http.globalAgent` has `keepAlive` enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

  // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
  proxy: {
    protocol: 'https',
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    // hostname: '127.0.0.1' // Takes precedence over 'host' if both are defined
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: 'mikeymike',
      password: 'rapunz3l'
    }
  },

  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  }),

  // an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
  signal: new AbortController().signal,

  // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
  // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
  // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
  // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
  decompress: true, // default

  // `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
  // Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
  // This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
  // Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
  // see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
  // see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
  insecureHTTPParser: undefined, // default

  // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
  transitional: {
    // silent JSON parsing mode
    // `true`  - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
    // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
    silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version

    // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
    forcedJSONParsing: true,

    // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
    clarifyTimeoutError: false,
  },

  env: {
    // The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
    FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
  },

  formSerializer: {
      visitor: (value, key, path, helpers) => {}; // custom visitor function to serialize form values
      dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
      metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key
      indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
  },

  // http adapter only (node.js)
  maxRate: [
    100 * 1024, // 100KB/s upload limit,
    100 * 1024  // 100KB/s download limit
  ]
}

Response Schema

The response for a request contains the following information.

{
  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
  data: {},

  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
  status: 200,

  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
  statusText: 'OK',

  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
  // All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
  headers: {},

  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
  config: {},

  // `request` is the request that generated this response
  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
  request: {}
}

When using then, you will receive the response as follows:

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    console.log(response.status);
    console.log(response.statusText);
    console.log(response.headers);
    console.log(response.config);
  });

When using catch, or passing a rejection callback as second parameter of then, the response will be available through the error object as explained in the Handling Errors section.

Config Defaults

You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.

Global axios defaults

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';

// Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
// See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

Custom instance defaults

// Set config defaults when creating the instance
const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
});

// Alter defaults after instance has been created
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

Config order of precedence

// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
const instance = axios.create();

// Override timeout default for the library
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;

// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
instance.get('/longRequest', {
  timeout: 5000
});

Interceptors

You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by then or catch.


const instance = axios.create();

// Add a request interceptor
instance.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
    // Do something before request is sent
    return config;
  }, function (error) {
    // Do something with request error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

// Add a response interceptor
instance.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
    // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response data
    return response;
  }, function (error) {
    // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.

const instance = axios.create();
const myInterceptor = instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses

You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});

axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
  return config;
}, null, { synchronous: true });

function onGetCall(config) {
  return config.method === 'get';
}
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
  return config;
}, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });

Note: options parameter(having synchronous and runWhen properties) is only supported for request interceptors at the moment.

Multiple Interceptors

Given you add multiple response interceptors and when the response was fulfilled

then each interceptor is executed
then they are executed in the order they were added
then only the last interceptor's result is returned
then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
- then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
- then the following rejection-interceptor is called
- once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).

Read the interceptor tests for seeing all this in code.

Error Types

There are many different axios error messages that can appear that can provide basic information about the specifics of the error and where opportunities may lie in debugging.

Below is a list of potential axios identified error:

Handling Errors

the default behavior is to reject every response that returns with a status code that falls out of the range of 2xx and treat it as an error.

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    if (error.response) {
      // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
      // that falls out of the range of 2xx
      console.log(error.response.data);
      console.log(error.response.status);
      console.log(error.response.headers);
    } else if (error.request) {
      // The request was made but no response was received
      // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
      // http.ClientRequest in node.js
      console.log(error.request);
    } else {
      // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
      console.log('Error', error.message);
    }
    console.log(error.config);
  });

Using the validateStatus config option, you can override the default condition (status >= 200 && status < 300) and define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
  }
})

Using toJSON you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error.toJSON());
  });

Cancellation

AbortController

Starting from v0.22.0 Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:

const controller = new AbortController();

axios.get('/foo/bar', {
   signal: controller.signal
}).then(function(response) {
   //...
});
// cancel the request
controller.abort()

CancelToken `👎deprecated`

You can also cancel a request using a CancelToken.

The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn cancellable promises proposal.

This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects

You can create a cancel token using the CancelToken.source factory as shown below:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
const source = CancelToken.source();

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: source.token
}).catch(function (thrown) {
  if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
    console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
  } else {
    // handle error
  }
});

axios.post('/user/12345', {
  name: 'new name'
}, {
  cancelToken: source.token
})

// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');

You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the CancelToken constructor:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
let cancel;

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
    // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
    cancel = c;
  })
});

// cancel the request
cancel();

Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller. If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.

During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:

Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format

URLSearchParams

const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
params.append('extraparam', 'value');
axios.post('/foo', params);

Query string (Older browsers)

For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a polyfill available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).

Alternatively, you can encode data using the qs library:

const qs = require('qs');
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));

Or in another way (ES6),

import qs from 'qs';
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
const options = {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
  data: qs.stringify(data),
  url,
};
axios(options);

Older Node.js versions

For older Node.js engines, you can use the querystring module as follows:

const querystring = require('querystring');
axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));

You can also use the qs library.

Note: The qs library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the querystring method has known issues with that use case.

🆕 Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams

Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

const data = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
};

await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
  {headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
);

The server will handle it as:

  {
    x: '1',
    'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'arr2[0]': '1',
    'arr2[1][0]': '2',
    'arr2[2]': '3',
    'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
    'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
    'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
    'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
  }

If your backend body-parser (like body-parser of express.js) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically

  var app = express();

  app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies

  app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
     // echo body as JSON
     res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
  });

  server = app.listen(3000);

Using `multipart/form-data` format

FormData

To send the data as a multipart/formdata you need to pass a formData instance as a payload. Setting the Content-Type header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.

const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('foo', 'bar');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);

In node.js, you can use the form-data library as follows:

const FormData = require('form-data');

const form = new FormData();
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));

axios.post('https://example.com', form)

🆕 Automatic serialization to FormData

Starting from v0.27.0, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request Content-Type header is set to multipart/form-data.

The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):

import axios from 'axios';

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));

In the node.js build, the (form-data) polyfill is used by default.

You can overload the FormData class by setting the env.FormData config variable, but you probably won't need it in most cases:

const axios = require('axios');
var FormData = require('form-data');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));

Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:

{} - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
[] - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key

Note: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects

FormData serializer supports additional options via config.formSerializer: object property to handle rare cases:

visitor: Function - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object to a FormData object by following custom rules.
dots: boolean = false - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;
metaTokens: boolean = true - add the special ending (e.g user{}: '{"name": "John"}') in the FormData key. The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.
indexes: null|false|true = false - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of flat array-like objects.
- null - don't add brackets (arr: 1, arr: 2, arr: 3)
- false(default) - add empty brackets (arr[]: 1, arr[]: 2, arr[]: 3)
- true - add brackets with indexes (arr[0]: 1, arr[1]: 2, arr[2]: 3)

Let's say we have an object like this one:

const obj = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
  'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
};

The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:

const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('x', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '2');
formData.append('arr[]', '3');
formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');

Axios supports the following shortcut methods: postForm, putForm, patchForm which are just the corresponding http methods with the Content-Type header preset to multipart/form-data.

Files Posting

You can easily submit a single file:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'myVar' : 'foo',
  'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0]
});

or multiple files as multipart/form-data:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files
});

FileList object can be passed directly:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)

All files will be sent with the same field names: files[].

🆕 HTML Form Posting (browser)

Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as multipart/form-data content.

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));

FormData and HTMLForm objects can also be posted as JSON by explicitly setting the Content-Type header to application/json:

await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  }
})

For example, the Form

<form id="form">
  <input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
  <input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
  <input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="5">

  <select name="user.age">
    <option value="value1">Value 1</option>
    <option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
    <option value="value3">Value 3</option>
  </select>

  <input type="submit" value="Save">
</form>

will be submitted as the following JSON object:

{
  "foo": "1",
  "deep": {
    "prop": {
      "spaced": "3"
    }
  },
  "baz": [
    "4",
    "5"
  ],
  "user": {
    "age": "value2"
  }
}

Sending Blobs/Files as JSON (base64) is not currently supported.

🆕 Progress capturing

Axios supports both browser and node environments to capture request upload/download progress. The frequency of progress events is forced to be limited to 3 times per second.

await axios.post(url, data, {
  onUploadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
    /*{
      loaded: number;
      total?: number;
      progress?: number; // in range [0..1]
      bytes: number; // how many bytes have been transferred since the last trigger (delta)
      estimated?: number; // estimated time in seconds
      rate?: number; // upload speed in bytes
      upload: true; // upload sign
    }*/
  },

  onDownloadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
    /*{
      loaded: number;
      total?: number;
      progress?: number;
      bytes: number; 
      estimated?: number;
      rate?: number; // download speed in bytes
      download: true; // download sign
    }*/
  }
});

You can also track stream upload/download progress in node.js:

const {data} = await axios.post(SERVER_URL, readableStream, {
   onUploadProgress: ({progress}) => {
     console.log((progress * 100).toFixed(2));
   },
  
   headers: {
    'Content-Length': contentLength
   },

   maxRedirects: 0 // avoid buffering the entire stream
});

Note: Capturing FormData upload progress is not currently supported in node.js environments.

⚠️ Warning It is recommended to disable redirects by setting maxRedirects: 0 to upload the stream in the node.js environment, as follow-redirects package will buffer the entire stream in RAM without following the "backpressure" algorithm.

🆕 Rate limiting

Download and upload rate limits can only be set for the http adapter (node.js):

const {data} = await axios.post(LOCAL_SERVER_URL, myBuffer, {
  onUploadProgress: ({progress, rate}) => {
    console.log(`Upload [${(progress*100).toFixed(2)}%]: ${(rate / 1024).toFixed(2)}KB/s`)
  },
   
  maxRate: [100 * 1024], // 100KB/s limit
});

🆕 AxiosHeaders

Working with headers

Note: By JSON here we mean an object consisting only of string values intended to be sent over the network.

The header value can be one of the following types:

string - normal string value that will be sent to the server
null - skip header when rendering to JSON
false - skip header when rendering to JSON, additionally indicates that set method must be called with rewrite option set to true to overwrite this value (Axios uses this internally to allow users to opt out of installing certain headers like User-Agent or Content-Type)
undefined - value is not set

Note: The header value is considered set if it is not equal to undefined.

The headers object is always initialized inside interceptors and transformers:

  axios.interceptors.request.use((request: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => {
      request.headers.set('My-header', 'value');

      request.headers.set({
        "My-set-header1": "my-set-value1",
        "My-set-header2": "my-set-value2"
      });
      
      request.headers.set('User-Agent', false); // disable subsequent setting the header by Axios

      request.headers.setContentType('text/plain');
    
      request.headers['My-set-header2'] = 'newValue' // direct access is deprecated
    
      return request;
    }
  );

You can iterate over an AxiosHeaders instance using a for...of statement:

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  foo: '1',
  bar: '2',
  baz: '3'
});

for(const [header, value] of headers) {
  console.log(header, value);
}

// foo 1
// bar 2
// baz 3

new AxiosHeaders(headers?)

Constructs a new AxiosHeaders instance.

constructor(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string);

If the headers object is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders(`
Host: www.bing.com
User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
Accept: */*`);

console.log(headers);

// Object [AxiosHeaders] {
//   host: 'www.bing.com',
//   'user-agent': 'curl/7.54.0',
//   accept: '*/*'
// }

AxiosHeaders#set

set(headerName, value: Axios, rewrite?: boolean);
set(headerName, value, rewrite?: (this: AxiosHeaders, value: string, name: string, headers: RawAxiosHeaders) => boolean);
set(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string, rewrite?: boolean);

The rewrite argument controls the overwriting behavior:

false - do not overwrite if header's value is set (is not undefined)
undefined (default) - overwrite the header unless its value is set to false
true - rewrite anyway

The option can also accept a user-defined function that determines whether the value should be overwritten or not.

Returns this.

AxiosHeaders#get(header)

  get(headerName: string, matcher?: true | AxiosHeaderMatcher): AxiosHeaderValue;
  get(headerName: string, parser: RegExp): RegExpExecArray | null;

Returns the internal value of the header. It can take an extra argument to parse the header's value with RegExp.exec, matcher function or internal key-value parser.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h'
});

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type')); 
// multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', true)); // parse key-value pairs from a string separated with \s,;= delimiters:
// [Object: null prototype] {
//   'multipart/form-data': undefined,
//    boundary: 'Asrf456BGe4h'
// }


console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', (value, name, headers) => {
  return String(value).replace(/a/g, 'ZZZ');
}));
// multipZZZrt/form-dZZZtZZZ; boundZZZry=Asrf456BGe4h

console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', /boundary=(\w+)/)?.[0]);
// boundary=Asrf456BGe4h

Returns the value of the header.

AxiosHeaders#has(header, matcher?)

has(header: string, matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Returns true if the header is set (has no undefined value).

AxiosHeaders#delete(header, matcher?)

delete(header: string | string[], matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Returns true if at least one header has been removed.

AxiosHeaders#clear(matcher?)

clear(matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;

Removes all headers. Unlike the delete method matcher, this optional matcher will be used to match against the header name rather than the value.

const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
  'foo': '1',
  'x-foo': '2',
  'x-bar': '3',
});

console.log(headers.clear(/^x-/)); // true

console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1' }

Returns true if at least one header has been cleared.

HTTP Client Libraries: Axios vs Node-fetch Comparison

Detailed Comparison

Technical Analysis

featureComparison

typescriptSupport

browserCompatibility

dependencies

performance

Ecosystem Analysis

frameworkCompatibility

communityActivity

documentationQuality

maintenanceStatus

Performance Comparison

bundleSizeAnalysis

runtimePerformance

loadingTime

memoryUsage

Code Examples

Simple GET Request with Axios

Simple GET Request with Node-Fetch

Recommendation

Summary

Details

Similar Packages

got

superagent

ky

undici

Table of Contents

Features

Browser Support

Installing

Package manager

CDN

Example

axios API

axios(config)

axios(url[, config])

Request method aliases

axios.request(config)

axios.get(url[, config])

axios.delete(url[, config])

axios.head(url[, config])

axios.options(url[, config])

axios.post(url[, data[, config]])

axios.put(url[, data[, config]])

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

NOTE

Concurrency (Deprecated)

Creating an instance

axios.create([config])

Instance methods

axios#request(config)

axios#get(url[, config])

axios#delete(url[, config])

axios#head(url[, config])

axios#options(url[, config])

axios#post(url[, data[, config]])

axios#put(url[, data[, config]])

axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])

axios#getUri([config])

Request Config

Response Schema

Config Defaults

Global axios defaults

Custom instance defaults

Config order of precedence

Interceptors

Multiple Interceptors

Error Types

Handling Errors

Cancellation

AbortController

CancelToken 👎deprecated

Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format

URLSearchParams

Query string (Older browsers)

Older Node.js versions

🆕 Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams

CancelToken `👎deprecated`

Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format

Using `multipart/form-data` format